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    Holly Fretwell
    Michael A. and Anita Paleologos Yagjian Visiting Fellow
    Short Bio

    Holly Fretwell is a visiting fellow at the Hoover Institution, contributing to the Markets versus Mandates and Enviropreneur Fellowship programs. A conservation economist, she studies how institutional design, property rights, and economic incentives influence environmental outcomes. She has testified before Congress on the state of the national parks, recreation fees, and federal forest management.

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    To view, the complete bio visit https://www.hoover.org/profiles/holly-fretwell.

About

Holly Fretwell is a visiting fellow at the Hoover Institution, where she contributes to the Markets versus Mandates project and helps guide the Enviropreneur Fellowship Program, which supports mid-career conservation professionals developing market solutions to environmental challenges.

For more than three decades, Fretwell has advanced free market environmentalism, examining how institutional design, property rights, and economic incentives influence environmental outcomes. As a longtime fellow at the Property and Environment Research Center (PERC), her work spans public and private lands, including rangelands, forests,  wildfire, water rights, and ocean fisheries.

She is the author of Who Is Minding the Federal Estate? and has written numerous book chapters, policy reports, and case studies widely used by conservationists, policymakers, and academic researchers. She has testified before both the US Senate and House of Representatives on the state of the national parks, recreation fees, and federal forest management.

Fretwell’s commentary has appeared in The Wall Street Journal, Milken Institute Review, C-SPAN, and other national outlets. She has also produced multiple videos illustrating free market environmentalism, including an award-winning work featured at conservation film festivals.

Before joining Hoover, Fretwell taught economics at Montana State University for fifteen years, was faculty with the Foundation for Teaching Economics, and coauthored economic education materials for the Montana Council on Economic Education. She holds a bachelor’s degree in political science and a master’s degree in resource economics from Montana State University.

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